Cable Fault Location: Pinpointing Solid Shorts, Open Circuits & Splices

SWG-12/1100R portable cable fault location system

A typical method of pinpointing a cable fault is arc reflection, which is performed with the help of a thumper (surge wave generator) and a time domain reflectometer (TDR).

This approach uses the gap at the place of a fault: a surge wave generator sends high voltage surges that, when bridging the gap, cause an arc to burn. This reduces the cable impedance at the place of the fault, creating a terminating event for the pulse of a time domain reflectometer.

As a result, the TDR pulse is reflected off the arc, and the TDR automatically measures the distance to the fault.

The limitation of this approach is that when the gap is too wide, the surge wave pulse cannot bridge it, and no arc can be created. The same is true for when there is no gap at all: if there is no gap, there is no air, and it is impossible to create an arc. Thus, in these two cases the TDR pulse will not find a terminating event and will not be able to pinpoint the fault.

Pinpointing a solid short (bolted fault)

A solid short, or a bolted fault, has not gap at the place of the fault. However, as it has zero impedance, the cable TDR trace will show a negative reflection at the place of the fault. All that needs to be done to localize this type of fault is measure the distance to this reflection.

Pinpointing open circuits

In contrast, an open circuit will be shown on the TDR trace as a positive reflection. To pinpoint this type of fault, the TDR identifies the distance to this positive reflection.

Receiver PT-14

Pinpointing a slice

Locating of a splice can be done using the impulse current mode of a time domain reflectomerter.

If the impulse current does not help, a splice can be pinpointed using a surge wave generator and a receiver (cable tracer). When a thumper transmits high voltage surges, the receiver will pick up a strong deflection at the place of a fault.

Alexei Tiatiushkin
Marketing manager
KharkovEnergoPribor Ltd.
marketing@keppowertesting.uk
http://www.kep.ua

http://news.chivindo.com/357/cable-fault-location-pinpointing-solid-shorts-open-circuits-amp-splices.html

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