Skip to main content

INSTRUMENTS SHORT DEFINITION AND CALIBRATION PROCEDURE



INSTRUMENTS SHORT DEFINITION

CONTROL VALVES:-

  • Control valve is a small control element, used for controlling process parameter.

  • Controlling process parameter is flow,pressure,temperature,level etc.,

TYPES OF VALVES:-

  •   Ball, Butterfly, Gate, Globe, Needle, Plug, Diaphragm and Non Return valve etc.

VALVE ACCESSORY:-

  • A device mounted on the actuator to complement the actuators function.

  •  Make it a complete operating unit; Examples include positioners , supply pressure, regulators, solenoids and limit switches.

ACTUATOR:-

  •   A pneumatic hydraulic or electrically powered device that supplies force and motion to open or close the valve.
Actuator Assembly:-
  •  An actuator including all the pertinent accessories that make it a complete operating unit.

VALVES CAPACITY:-

  •   The rate of flow through a valve under stated conditions.

CONTROLLER:-

  •   A device that operates automatically by use of same established algorithm to regulate a controlled variable.

  •  The controller input receives the information about the status of the process variable.

  •   And then provide an appropriate output signal to the final control element.

  
LOCAL CONTROLLER PNEUMATIC:-
  •  It is used to control the control valves.

  •   Input of controller from pneumatic transmitter.

  •   Output of pneumatic controller is 2 to 1 bar pressure.

PNEUMATIC ACTUATOR:-
  •   A part of valve operated by Air.

SHUT OFF VALVES:-
  •   Shut Off valve is a control element it maintain status of full open or full close.

DAMPER ACTUATOR:-
  •   Damper actuator is a device used to operate a damper vanes in burner corner.

ELECTRICAL INDICATORS:-
  •   It is used to TCR (Thermal Control Room) in order to indicate process parameter.

  •   Input of the Electrical Indicators either 4 ~ 20 mA or 0 ~ 0 V.

HAND AUTO STATION ELECTRICAL:-

  •   It is used for giving control signal to control valve.

  •   The command of the control valve indicated in Hand Auto station.

CONTROL DESK AND PANEL:-

  • Control desk and panel in which Indicator and Recorder safe stations are mounted.

ER CUBICLES:-

  • Cubicles in which modules are installed.

TRANSMITTER ELECTRONIC:-

  • Transmitter is a device, used to transmits signal from local to Electronic Room (ER)

  • The output of electronic transmitter is 4 to 20 mA; Depending upon the input signal.

  • The input signal there is pressure, flow, temperature etc.

  • Supply of electronic transmitter is Dc 24 V.

 
TRANSMITTER PNEUMATIC:-

  • The output of pneumatic transmitters is 3-15 psi.

  • Mainly used for local controlling supply of pneumatic transmitter is 1.5 bar.

BURNER IGNITOR:-

  • It consists of Ignitor gun, spark plug and flame detector rod in order to produce pilot flame and flame detection.

IMPULSE LINE AND HAND ISOLATING VALVE:-

  • It is the line between process fluid and Instruments such as gauges , transmitter , and switches.

FLUE GAS ANALYSER:-

  • In order to study the gas and percentage of Oxygen in flue gas.

SMOKE DENSITY MONITORS:-

  • It measure intensity of smoke presents in flue gas.

PH ANALYSER:-

  • It is part of water analyzer ph value should maintain requirements.

  • PH determines whether the liquid is acidic or alkaline.

SILICA ANALYZER:-

  • Silica percentage is water.

LOCAL GAUGES PRESSURE:-

  • It is used to measure the pressure.

  • It indicate pressure in local sensing element of pressure gauges an bellows, bourdon tubes or diaphragms.

FLOW SWITCHES:-
  • Flow switches are used to switching in flow is high or low flow.

  • Flow switch output is used for annociation.

LEVEL SWITCHES:-

  • The tank level when switching at level high or low.

TEMPERATURE SWITCHES:-

  • The temperature switch is switching at high temp or low temp.

  • It is used for annunciation.

SOLENOID VALVE:-

  • Solenoid valve are pilot valve operating valve for control valve.

  • Different types of solenoid valve 24 v dc, 48 v dc and 110v dc.

AIR FILTER REGULATORS:-

  • It is used for regulate air pressure to instrument requirements.

THERMOCOUPLE:-

  • It is a device. It is used to convert temperature to mV.

  • Thermocouple mainly used in Boiler E type.

PRESSURE SWITCHES:-

  • Pressure switches there are two types low and high. The switching when increasing pressure and decreasing pressure.

LOOP:-
  • The arrangement of instruments to measure or control a process variable is called a loop. Loop classified into two types,

  • Closed Loop

  • Open Loop

INSTRUMENTS CALIBRATION PROCEDURE:-
TRANSMITTER:

STEP-1

            Close the Isolation Valve

Step-2

            Open the high pressure and low pressure tubes

Step-3

            Drain the transmitter

Step-4

            Note the Lower range value and Upper range value

Step-5

            Apply pressure on H.P side and check the output in mA before check the zero value.

Step-6

            Zero value is 4 mA is not correct; after that adjust the zero value for 4 mA

Step-7

            Apply pressure on H.P side and check the output mA value.

Step-8

            Whether Output mA value is correct, don’t adjust span value, If it is not correct adjust the span value

Step-9

            Apply the pressure to check the output mA. Corresponding 25 %, 50 %, 75 % and 100 %   input pressure.

SINGLE PRESSURE SWITCH CALIBRATION

Step-1

            Close the isolation valve

Step-2

            Remove the tubes higher side and lower side

Step-3

            Note the set point and range

Step-4

            Set points are correct then apply the pressure for getting proper result.

DIFFERENTIAL PRESSURE SWITCH CALIBRATION 

Step-1

            Close the Isolation valve

Step-2

            Remove the tubes higher side and lower side

Step-3

            Note the set point and range

Step-4

            Apply the pressure at higher side. If it is not ok, adjust set point and getting proper result.

LEVEL SWITCH CALIBRATION

Step-1

            Close the Isolation valves

Step-2

            Drain the remaining water

Step-3

            Isolate the normally open / Normally Close supply contact wire and connect multimeter

Step-4

            Attach setup and start pouring water until we get the set point

Step-5

            If result is not ok, adjust and getting proper result.

INSTRUMENTS TROUBLESHOOTING

How to check defective transmitter in running plant?



Step-1

            We will ask the Operation Engineer to give the permit to do check   defective Transmitter.



Step-2

            To get the permit.



Step-3

            By-pass the transmitter in the system from control room (By Operator).



Step-4

            Follow the same procedure for transmitter calibration.



Step-5

            Go to local and check the display of the T.X dead zero. If it is not showing      or dead zero and check the supply volte.  Whether 24 V available or not.



Step-6

            Isolate the T.X and close the isolating valve and open equalizing valve to        check live zero.



Step-7

            Then check the Impulse line whether any choke (blocking) available or           not. If it its available make flush the impulse line.



Step-8

            Calibrate the Transmitter it required.



Step-9

            Normalize the Transmitter and remove the bypass and cancel the work         permit.





 How to check defective pressure switch?



Step-1

            Isolate the pressure switch.



Step-2

            Remove the cable from control room.



Step-3

            Connect the multimeter to both contacts (N / O and N / C)



Step-4

            Apply the pressure to check set and reset value.



Step-5

            If any shift, adjust the set value.



Major problem of pressure gauge?

1. Fitting leak

2. Pointer Showing Zero Out

3. Hair Spring may be damaged.

4. Rack and Pinion may be damaged.

5. Burdon Tube or Sensing element may be damaged.

6. In glycol fill gauges, glycol may be leak.

7. Impulse line may be damaged or choked.
http://news.chivindo.com/492/instruments-short-definition-and-calibration-procedure.html

Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

BT-BASIC commands used

8.10     Some of the most frequently used BT-BASIC commands used are: msi                               Changes default working directory. Mass storage is            Same as “msi” cat                               Catalogs (list)the node names in the specified directory.             get                               Brings the contents of a file into the system workspace.             load                             Same as “get”.             msi$                            Returns the directory pathname of the current working directory.             msi “..”                       Backs up one directory level.             findn                            Locates the next occurrence of the a given sting in the workspace. 8.11           If you wish to invoke the HP Board Graphics Viewer, type board graphics at the BT-BASIC command line and press the “ENTER” key on the keyboard. 8.12           A HP Board Graphics Viewer window should now appear
1 comment
Read more

Perhitungan & Cara Merubah Kumparan Blender Dari 220 V Menjadi 12 V

          Seperti yang telah dijelaskan pada buku “menggulung motor listrik arus bolak-balik, servis peralatan listrik rumah tangga kelompok penggerak dan perbaikan peralatan listrik pertukangan”, bahwa motor penggerak yang digunakan pada perlatan listrik rumah tangga dan pertukangan seperti blender, mixer, bor tembak, gerinda dsb menggunakan jenis motor universal. Motor universal adalah jenis motor listrik yang dapat disuplai dengan sumber listrik arus bolak-balik (AC) dan arus searah (DC). Jadi peralatan-peralatan listrik rumah tangga dan pertukangan tersebut yang biasanya kita suplai dengan sumber listrik AC dari PLN atau Genset sebesar 220 V sebenarnya dapat juga kita suplai dengan sumber listrik DC yang tentunya tegangan juga harus sama yakni 220 V.           Yang menjadi permasalahan bagaimana kalau peralatan listrik rumah tangga atau pertukangan tersebut, sebagai contoh misalkan blender yang ingin digunakan atau dioperasikan pada tempat yang tidak terdapat sumber listrik PLN ata
Post a Comment
Read more

BT-BASIC command line

8.8       At the BT-BASIC command line type the command  msi  and the directory path, then press the “ENTER” key on the keyboard.  Example:                   msi ‘/hp3070/boards/aspect/main’ 8.9       At the BT-BASIC command line type the command  get ‘testplan’ and press the   ENTER” key on the keyboard.  You should now see the body of the testplan file displayed in the work space of the BT-BASIC window. 8.10     Some of the most frequently used BT-BASIC commands used are:
Post a Comment
Read more

Autodesk SketchBook Pro 2021 Full Version

BAGAS31 – Sesuai dengan namanya, Autodesk SketchBook Pro 2021 Full Version ini merupakan software digital sketching atau drawing terbaik yang bisa kamu gunakan. Pada versi terbaru kali ini, ada beberapa penambahan fitur yang sangat efektif. Dengan fitur baru tersebut, diharapkan mampu meningkatkan proses sketching maupun drawing kamu. Autodesk SketchBook sendiri sudah bisa kamu dapatkan secara gratis melalui website resminya. Namun untuk kamu yang mau download versi Autodesk Sketchbook Pro, maka bisa langsung download melalui link yang sudah saya sediakan di bawah ini. Download Autodesk SketchBook Pro 2021 Full Version Screenshot: System Requirements: Windows 10 2.5 – 2.9 GHz of Intel or AMD CPU 4 GB of Memory 256 MB Graphics card with OpenGL 2.0 support We recommend that you use a pressure-sensitive tablet and pen for basic features Download: Autodesk SketchBook Pro 2021 Full Version [ FileUp ][ Uptobox ][ UsersDrive ] Jamu Only [ FileUp ][ Uptob
1 comment
Read more

Testhead

4.3         Testhead The testhead is that portion of the tester that supports the PIN, ASRU and Controller cards.   The testhead is divided into two BANKS and each BANK is divided into two MODULES, see figure 2 below.  Bank 1 contains modules 0 and 1, bank 2 contains modules 2 and 3.  The test fixtures are placed on the banks of the tester and locked down for board testing.  The testhead cards interface to the test fixture through the spring loaded pogo pin “nails” at the top edge on each of these card types. 4.4       Support Bay The support bay is a stand-alone cabinet that houses the power supplies for the Unit Under Test.  This bay also houses the test station power distribution unit and test station controller on earlier models. 4.5       Emergency Shutdown Switch The emergency shutdown switch is the large red button located at the lower left corner on the front of the testhead.  It turns off all AC power to the testhead, and is equivalent to turning off the m
Post a Comment
Read more

Kelebihan dan Kekurangan Saluran Listrik Jenis Saluran Udara dan Saluran Bawah Tanah

Berdasarkan pemasangannya,   saluran distribusi dibagi menjadi dua kategori, yaitu : saluran udara (overhead line) merupakan sistem penyaluran tenaga listrik melalui kawat penghantar yang ditompang pada tiang listrik. Sedangkan saluran bawah tanah (underground cable) merupakan sistem penyaluran tenaga listrik melalui kabel-kabel yang ditanamkan di dalam tanah. 1.    Saluran Bawah Tanah (Underground Lines) Saluran distribusi yang menyalurkan energi listrik melalui kabel yang ditanam didalam tanah. Kategori saluran distribusi seperti ini adalah yang favorite untuk pemasangan di dalam kota, karena berada didalam tanah, maka tidak mengganggu keindahan kota dan juga tidak mudah terjadi gangguan akibat kondisi cuaca atau kondisi alam. Namun juga memilik kekurangan, yaitu mahalnya biaya investasi dan sulitnya menentukan titik gangguan dan perbaikannya. Kedua cara penyaluran memiliki keuntungan dan kerugian masing-masing. Keuntungan yang dapat diperoleh dari suatu jaringan bawah tanah adalah
Post a Comment
Read more